白人文化对印第安生态观的冲击与圣环的瓦解
Keywords:
《四灵魂》；厄德里克；生态女性主义；印第安圣环Abstract
《四灵魂》是一部印第安史诗级的小说，讲述了一位名为芙乐的印第安女性向白人男性复仇的故事，以求收回西进运动和土地法案中被白人掠夺的部分树木和土地。生态女性主义作为一种思潮，出现于20世纪六七十年代，而本文所使用的生态女性主义理论则是意识形态上的相互作用，阐释了"生态女性主义"将种族、性别、阶级和生态正义问题纳入了一个完整的框架从各个方面观察彼此的相关性，本文以生态女性主义视角探究厄德里克的《四灵魂》，通过梳理小说中的女性与社会、与生态、与印第安圣环理念的互动，深入理解生态女性主义理论视野中印第安女性的生存状态和印第安生态观，解析作者在小说中体现出的生态女性主义观念。在《四灵魂》中，厄德里克通过圣环的瓦解、重建、回归三个主题，描述了万事万物连接、平衡、和谐、统一的印第安生态观，为思考女性与男性，女性与自然之间的关系提供了新的可能。伴随着土地失而复得与印第安精神的回归，在同胞们共同的努力下，印第安社会的圣环得以回归；基于性别、种族、生态以及精神平衡相生的"四灵魂"支撑起了印第安圣环的新内容，形塑了厄德里克以圣环回归为象征的女性生态主义思想。
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