惩罚、反抗与规训：霍桑《红字》中的超验主义批判
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67148/fssh-2026-225Keywords:
纳撒尼尔·霍桑；《红字》；规训；超验主义Abstract
在《红字》中，清教社会通过规训技术，将权力渗透至海丝特主体的身体与精神，塑造了服从性的社会秩序；海丝特在规训过程中依托超验主义式的主体意识重构自我，以针线劳动对权力秩序的有限抵抗，展现出个体主体性的生成过程。然而，这种主体生成并未导向绝对自由，其重返新英格兰并重新佩戴红字，表明主体始终无法脱离权力关系而获得完全自主，反而在持续的规训过程中不断被重塑。霍桑由此既肯定了个体反抗的伦理价值，又揭示了超验主义关于个人自由与主体自主的理想难以超越现实权力结构的限制，从而完成了对超验主义自由观的反思与修正。
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